Further consideration for Stabilization & consistent ATM2 training?

The Effects of Low-Load Motor Control Exercises and a High-Load Lifting Exercise on Lumbar Multifidus Thickness-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Nov 18.

Berglund L1, Aasa B, Michaelson P, Aasa U.

STUDY DESIGN:

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-load motor control exercises and a high-load lifting exercise, on lumbar multifidus (LM) thickness on either side of the spine and whether the effects are affected by mechanical LBP.

SUMMARY:

There is evidence that patients with low back pain may have a decreased size of the (LM) muscles with an asymmetry between sides in the lower back. It has also been shown that low-load motor control training can affect this asymmetry. It is, however, not known whether a high-load exercise has the same effect.

CONCLUSIONS:

There was a difference in thickness of the LM muscles between sides. It seems that exercises focusing on spinal alignment may increase the thickness of the LM muscles on the small side, irrespective of exercise load. The increase in LM thickness does not appear to be mediated by either current pain intensity or the magnitude of change in pain intensity.

Risk of Carotid Stroke after Chiropractic Care: A Population-Based Case-Crossover Study.

 J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016 Nov 21. pii: S1052-3057(16)30434-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.10.031.

Cassidy JD1, Boyle E2, Côté P3, Hogg-Johnson S4, Bondy SJ5, Haldeman S6.

BACKGROUND:

Chiropractic manipulation is a popular treatment for neck pain and headache, but may increase the risk of cervical artery dissection and stroke. Patients with carotid artery dissection can present with neck pain and/or headache before experiencing a stroke. These are common symptoms seen by both chiropractors and primary care physicians (PCPs). We aimed to assess the risk of carotid artery stroke after chiropractic care by comparing association between chiropractic and PCP visits and subsequent stroke.

METHODS: 

A population-based, case-crossover study was undertaken in Ontario, Canada. All incident cases of carotid artery stroke admitted to hospitals over a 9-year period were identified. Cases served as their own controls. Exposures to chiropractic and PCP services were determined from health billing records.

RESULTS: 

We compared 15,523 cases to 62,092 control periods using exposure windows of 1, 3, 7, and 14 days prior to the stroke. Positive associations were found for both chiropractic and PCP visits and subsequent stroke in patients less than 45 years of age. These associations tended to increase when analyses were limited to visits for neck pain and headache-related diagnoses. There was no significant difference between chiropractic and PCP risk estimates. We found no association between chiropractic visits and stroke in those 45 years of age or older.

CONCLUSIONS:

We found no excess risk of carotid artery stroke after chiropractic care. Associations between chiropractic and PCP visits and stroke were similar and likely due to patients with early dissection-related symptoms seeking care prior to developing their strokes.

ATI’s and non-celiac gluten sensitivity

The study investigated a relationship between the presence of chronic health conditions outside the bowel and the contribution of a family of protiens found in wheat called amylase-trypsin inhibitors(ATI’s). ATI’s make up about 4% of wheat protiens.
Past studies focused on Gluten and its effects on digestive health this research casts a light on the effects ATIs may play in chronic health conditions such as RS, MS, asthma and others.
The type of “gut inflammation” seen in non-celiac chronic gluten sensitivity differs from that of celiac disease and they don’t believe its triggered by gluten protiens. “We demonstrated that ATI’s from wheat, that are also contaminating commercial gluten, activate specific types of immune cells in the gut and other tissues, potentially worsening the symptoms of pre-existing inflammatory illnesses”.

Maybe there is something to the sedulous chatter regarding: “I feel so much better not eating wheat…but my doctor tells me its all in my head because I don’t have celiac disease”…..

Relationship between Active Trigger Points and head/neck posture and migraine.

Ferracini GN et al Am J Phys Med Rehab. Nov;95 2016.

The study investigated a relationship between the presence of active trigger points (TrPs) craniocervical posture and clinical features in patients with migraine. Patient postural assessments and radiographs were analyzed for head and neck posture. The results showed patients with migraine had active or latent TrPs in all muscles. The suboccipital, upper trapezius, SCM and temporalis muscles are the most affected. There is a relationship between the number of active TrPs and x-ray assessment particularly loss of cervical lordosis. This study also demonstrated no association between the number of active TrPs and the clinical features of migraine. However there appears to be an association with reduced lordosis and head extension.

Lumbar disc herniation and cauda equine syndrome following spinal manipulative therapy.

Boucher P, Robidoux S. J Forensic Legal Med. Feb. 2014.

This interesting review of (6) Canadian court cases where Chiropractors were sued for allegedly causing a lumbar disc herniation after spinal manipulation. The highlights of the cases were:
1. Informed consent is an ongoing process and can’t be entirely delegated to office personnel.
2. When patient history reveals risk factors for lumbar herniation the DC has a duty to rule out disc pathology as an etiology for the symptoms before beginning anything but palliative treatments.
3. Lumbar disc herniation may be triggered by spinal manipulation on vertebral segments distant from the involved disc…such as the thoracic spine.

Diagnosiing discogenic LBP associated with DDD using a medical interview.

Tonosu J et al PLoS One Nov. 2016.

This research project sought to find the specificity and sensitivity of a series of (5) clinician questions associated with disc-related back pain whose responses may indicate a likelihood of discogenic pain.
These constitute a support-tool from which clinicians can better assess the target-area generating the patients’ symptoms:
1. Experience pain after prolonged sitting?
2. Pain standing-after-sitting?
3. Squirming in a chair after sitting too long?
4. Pain ‘washing one’s face’ while standing over a sink?
5. Pain standing in sustained flexion?
The researchers found these questions pertinent to determine discogenic pain compared to a control group. The sensitivity reached 100% with specificity at 72%. Their conclusion was these (5) questions were a useful support tool for diagnosis discogenic LBP. As with our classification-analysis (which includes most of these questions) enough research has been performed to draw reasonable assumptions as to disc-related pain vs, “other”.

The effects of strength exercise & walking on lumbar function, pain-level & body-composition in cLBP.

Jung-Seok, L et al. J Exerc Rehab Oct. 2016.

The benefits of strength exercise plus walking was found to be more effective for overweight cLBP patients vs. just strength training. The exercise was performed twice a week, 50 mins per session for 12 weeks. All variables were improved but the fat-loss and pain levels were more improved by the addition of strength-training plus walking.
This study further supports the suggestion that if we are using rehab in our clinics, 2-4 months of 2-3x per week sessions is both reasonable and clinically expedient for all of the variables which constitute successful outcomes.

Reporting of rehabilitation intervention for LBP in RCTs: Is the treatment replicable?

Gianola S et al Phys Ther 2016

An interesting and imperative study especially pertinent to those who ‘study studies’ regularly. The authors note that less than 1/5th of studies on rehabilitation of LBP would be “replicable clinically”.
The percent of studies providing full essential information on interventions was 14% thru 1980 and only 20% thru 2010.
Their conclusion:
“Despite remarkable energy spent producing RCTs in LBP rehab the majority failed to report sufficient information allowing the intervention to be replicated in clinical practice”.

Comment: for years we have echoed this finding that “physical interventions” are often only tacitly defined and modalities either distinct manufacturers (thus “suggesting” like results may require this equipment) or description of vague protocols.
This bias was replete in the development of spinal decompression thru the early 2000’s. Vax D famously though unconvincingly suggested “their research was only applicable to their device”.

Evidenced-based, Science-based, Profit-based care

The expression “I’d rather be rich than famous” rings far truer to those over 40 and self-employed than other populations. Most of us strive to build wealth using our vocation and a network of people who can facilitate that end….as such “fame & notoriety” tend to go, at least partly, hand-in-hand with wealth. As Zig Ziegler pointed out ‘the only way you get what you want is by helping enough other people to get what they want’…..we do this with spinal care.

 

People want health, wellness and pain-relief….and they want it (typically) quick and as inexpensively as possible. So, long-term “profit-based” care can only persist IF effective (a.k.a evidenced/science-based) care is the format of the practice. 

The beauty of most people is their ‘amiability‘ and willingness to give the benefit of the doubt to those they trust….IF you try your best most people tend to stick with you. There may be some itinerant patients however most tend to stick with a doctor once they’ve built a relationship of trust and that trust is from confidence and faith the doctor knows best, and has their best interest at heart.

There is no shortage of ways to take advantage of patients using gimmicks, high-priced junk science and lies. However you are far less likely to see good retention, referrals or longevity.

 

Protocol/evidenced-based Decompression, ‘intense’ heat modalities (Class IV high-power Laser) exercise and ergonomic-bio-mechanical education (McGill) are reasonable, science-based treatment regiments ANY doctor should be confident & proud to deliver and ANY patient to receive. We’ve spent a combined 50 years developing our protocols and equipment to create both science/evidenced-based care as well as profitbased care. These procedures can stand up to patient scrutiny and have a long track record of “making money“.

I believe the vast majority of DCs never want to fool, misguide or rip-off patients. We feel the exact same. We all have to get up and go to bed with ourself & our deeds playing in our head. Pride, confidence and faith in the treatments you deliver and the equipment you deliver them with have to be both scientific-evidenced based and profitable…..Otherwise why bother?

Interesting study on fluoroscopy and intervertebral-motion (IV-RoM)

Does IV range-of-motion increase after spinal manipulation? A prospective cohort study. 

Branney J et al Chiropractic and Manual therapies 2014

Conclusions: “The study found NO differences in cervical IV-ROM between non-specific neck pain patients and matched controls. There was a modest dose-response relationship between the number of manipulations given and number of levels increasing IV-RoM, suggesting manipulation may have a mechanical effect at segmental levels. However patient-reported outcomes were NOT related to this”.

Discussion: The prevalence of both hypo-mobile and paradoxical segments was also subject to considerable intra-subject variation. 4 of 22 hypo-mobile segments remained so at follow-up with 8 new hypo-mobile segments detected. Only 8 out of 25 paradoxical segments remained so at follow-up with 4 new levels detected.

Hypo-mobility is commonly considered an indication for manipulation. Due to the changing nature of these motion-features….hypo-mobility or paradoxical motion in response to manipulation may not be possible or meaningful.